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| Production People Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio (Print made by)  Caraglio, Giovanni Jacopo b Verona or Parma, c. 1500–05; d ?Kraków, 26 Aug 1565 Parmigianino (After) Parmigianino [Mazzola, Girolamo Francesco Maria] b Parma, 11 Jan 1503; d Casalmaggiore, 24 Aug 1540 Title / Description Martyrdom of St Paul and Condemnation of St Peter [The Martyrdom of St Peter and St Paul] Date c. 1527 Technique engraving Material paper Dimensions 258 x 451 mm (sheet, trimmed close to platemark) Inscriptions Inscribed on the first step below the chair: 'IACOVS PARMENSIS FECIT' State first state of three Watermark not visible through mount Provenance Nikolaus Esterházy (not stamped) References Bartsch XV.71.8 (first state of two) Adam Bartsch, Le peintre-graveur, vols. 21, Vienna 1803-21 Fröhlich-Bum 1928, p. 178, note 2 Lili Fröhlich-Bum, 'Studien zu Handzeichnungen der italienischen Renaissance,' Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien N.F. 2 (1928), pp. 163-98 Copertini 1932, vol. 2, p. 56, pl. CXLI Giovanni Copertini, Il Parmigianino, Parma 1932 Popham 1953, pp. 27ff, 57 Arthur Ewart Popham, The Drawings by Parmigianino, London 1953 Oberhuber 1963a, no. 58 Konrad Oberhuber, Parmigianino und sein Kreis, exhibition catalogue, Vienna, Albertina 1963 Popham 1967, p. 54, under no. 88 Arthur Ewart Popham, Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Artists Working in Parma in the Sixteenth Century, 2 vols., London 1967 Popham 1969, p. 49 Arthur E. Popham, 'Observations on Parmigianino's Designs for Chiaroscuro Woodcuts,' in Miscellanea I. Q. van Regteren Altena, Amsterdam 1969, pp. 48-51 Fagiolo dell’Arco 1970, p. 283 Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arco, Il Parmigianino: un saggio sull’ermetismo nel Cinquecento, Rome 1970 Popham 1971, p. 9, 12f, under no. 190, fig. 19 Arthur Ewart Popham, Catalogue of the Drawings by Parmigianino, 3 vols., New Haven and London 1971 Zerner 1972, p. 693 Henri Zerner, 'Sur Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio, ' in Évolution générale et développements régioneaux en histoire de l'art, Budapest 1972, pp. 691-95 Quednau 1979, pp. 636ff Rolf Quednau, Die Sala di Costantino im Vatikanischen Palast: Zur Dekoration der beiden Medici-Päpste Leo X. und Clemens VII., Hildesheim and New York 1979 London 1987, p. 14, no. 29 Parmigianino, ed. Helen Braham, exhibition catalogue, London, Courtauld Institute Galleries 1987 Gould 1994, p. 199, no. G2 Cecil Gould, Parmigianino, New York 1994 Landau and Parshall 1994, p. 154f, fig. 161 David Landau and Peter Parshall, The Renaissance Print: 1470-1550, New Haven and London 1994 Cirillo Archer in TIB 1995, 2802.008.S1 (first state of three) Madeline Cirillo Archer, Italian Masters of the Sixteenth Century, The Illustrated Bartsch, vol. 28, Part 1 (Commentary), New York 1995 Gnann in Mantua and Vienna 1999, no. 256 Achim Gnann in Raphael und der klassische Stil in Rom: 1515-1527, eds. Konrad Oberhuber and Achim Gnann, exhibition catalogue, Mantua, Palazzo Te and Vienna, Albertina 1999 Parma and Vienna 2003, no. 75 (entry by C. Farinelli) Parmigianino e il manierismo europeo, eds. Lucia Fornari Schianchi and Sylvia Ferino-Pagden, exhibition catalogue, Parma, Galleria Nazionale and Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum 2003 Ottawa and New York 2003-4, no. 35 The Art of Parmigianino, exhibition catalogue by David Franklin, with an essay by David Ekserdjian, Ottawa, The National Gallery of Canada and New York, The Frick Collection 2003–4 Ekserdjian 2006, pp. 219ff David Ekserdjian, Parmigianino, New Haven and London 2006 Gnann 2007a, no. 34 Achim Gnann, Parmigianino und sein Kreis: Druckgraphik aus der Sammlung Baselitz, exhibition catalogue, Munich, Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München and Frankfurt am Main, Städel Museum 2007 Gramaccini and Meier 2009, no. 95 Norberto Gramaccini and Hans Jacob Meier, Die Kunst der Interpretation: Italienische Reproduktionsgrafik 1485-1600, Berlin and Munich 2009 Kárpáti 2009-10, no. 19 Zoltán Kárpáti, The Alchemy of Beauty: Parmigianino Drawings and Prints, exhibition catalogue, Budapest, Museum of Fine Arts 2009-10 Comment The model for this print, in reverse and on the same scale and with incised outlines, is preserved in the British Museum, inv. no. 1904,1201.2. Seven related studies are known (two from facsimile prints), including two drawings of the entire composition in the Louvre (Popham nos. 379-80, pls. 136-7). Popham speculates that the print reproduces a composition intended for the walls of the Sala de' Pontefici in the Vatican. According to Bartsch, the second state was retouched badly by an other hand. The same composition is found on Antonio da Trento's chiaroscuro woodcut (Bartsch XII.79.28, inv. no. 6240). See also Hugo Chapman's entry in Correggio and Parmigianino. Master Draughtsmen of the Renaissance, London 2000, no. 75. Inventory Number 46019 Classification Prints: Italian: 16th century: Mounted II |
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